Mother Teresa Champion Of Human Rights - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 448 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Mother Teresa Essay Did you like this example? Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa), was a very divine women, she dedicated her life to help others. She set goals for herself and accomplished so much in her life, that even after she had passed she was recognized as a saint by Pope Paul VI in 2016. Mother Teresa was born August 26 1910, Uskup (now Skopje). Won The nobel peace prize in 1979. Then peacefully on september 5 1997, Calcutta India she passed away. Mother Teresa devoted her life to god. She later became a missionary to spread her teachings that she was taught. She moved to and Irish community with nuns with missions in India. She continued to share her teachings at St. Maryrs High School in Calcutta, there were many uncomferts in the suffering and poverty she noticed outside the convent walls. So moved with the thought of the needy and the sight of the poor, she began working among them in the slums of Calcutta. She was then granted by the Convent, but with no funds to leave and share her beliefs. Mother teresa worked everyday with voluntary helpers and with financial support it was possible to expand her scope of her work. Finally in 1950 on October 7, She received permission from The Holy See to start The Missionaries of Charity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mother Teresa: Champion Of Human Rights" essay for you Create order The Society of Missionaries was spread all over the world , including the Soviet Union. Mother Teresa provided effective help to the most struggling in more than one country starting in Asia, Africa, and Latin America moving to North America, Europe and australia. The Missionaries of Charity all throughout the world were so moved by her devotion, the lay Missionaries of Charity try to follow her spirit and charism in their families and share it with others. The Nobel Peace Prize was given to Mother Teresa in 1979. The Prize committee expressed that Mother Teresa has the recognition in bring help to the suffering humanity. For so many years Mother Teresa worked so selflessly in bringing attention in the harshest places, to the poor and the sick. Her main contribution according to the award was her devoted emphasis on helping the needy and having respect for every individual human being she came across. The committee has placed special effort on the spirit that has inspired her activities and which is the tangible expression of her personal attitude and human qualities. The impact this person had on the world was a huge impression that compassion in any form is what takes innate value to another life. Many others were inspired to tackle new challenges like fighting world hunger and support the sick. Mother Teresa contributed to world peace by her selfless character and her devoted efforts to care for every individual in need.

Alcohol and Teen Drinking Essay - 552 Words

According to Men’s Health, â€Å"alcohol kills more teenagers and young people than any of the other drugs taken to affect mood and behavior (heroin, cocaine, marijuana).† This issue interests me due to the many friends I have who drink overwhelmingly. Also, I have so many cousins that are younger than me that I am concerned about with this issue. There are many reasons to why teens may drink, not all of which are reasonable but is the truth, from what I know. Teen drinking can also result in very many mishaps that are mostly a terrible consequence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many things can cause teen drinking. One of which could be from lack of parental involvement. If a parent does not involve their time with their teen through†¦show more content†¦Such results could be fighting, dropping out of school, alcoholism, and car accidents. All of these, no matter how small or large of a result, are huge impacts on people’s lives. Physical fighting is never a good thing and it will never resolve anything that simple communication cannot resolve, if there is even a problem. Dropping out of school will only lead to failure in life†¦no job, no source of income, which further leads to a lack of education and an unhealthy life. Alcoholism is a serious issue that has many risks involved including the consequences from the parents of that teen who drinks excessively. Car accidents, which result from teen drinking, are the most tragic result. The three leading causes of death, according to Focus Adolescent Services, for 1 5- to 24-year-olds are automobile crashes, homicides and suicides -- alcohol is a leading factor in all three. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Teen drinking has no benefits to the person or to society. It is dangerous, immature, and illegal. Better parental supervision mixed with a sense of belonging, attainable through group activities, is one solution for this crisis. On an emotional level, alcohol is a depressant; and for teenagers, whose hormone levels are unbalanced, may further their feelings of depression and thoughts of suicide. It is a parent’s duty to protect and nurture their children, and a friend’s responsibility to encourage each other in positive ways; if people followed these twoShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol And Teen Drinking1069 Words   |  5 PagesDryden-Edwards (2), teenage drinking is widespread, and teenagers believe that it is acceptable. But, teenagers’ bodies are still developing. They fail to realize that consuming alcohol places them in danger  for numerous issues.   Consuming alcohol is more widespread among teenagers than most realize. Alcohol and Teen Drinking (1) reports that three-fourths of seniors,  a little over two-thirds of Sophomores, and two out of five 8th graders have experimented with alcohol. With rising statistical informationRead MoreAlcohol and Teen Drinking Essay2212 Words   |  9 Pages Alcohol use among American teenagers is a problem of epidemic proportions. Alcohol is a drug -- the drug of choice of adolescents and adults. Abuse of this drug Is responsible for death and injury in automobile accidents, physical and emotional disability, loss of productivity amounting to millions of dollars annually, deterioration of academic performance, aggressive and disruptive behavior causing problems with family and friends, and individual financial ruin. It also is the primary cause ofRead MoreEssay on Alcohol and Teens: The Effects of Teenage Drinking1520 Words   |  7 Pages When at a party, a student sees another teenager drinking a beer. Thinking nothing of it, the teenager picks up a large bottle labeled Vodka and beings to chug the contents of the bottle. The alcohol rushes through her body and she suddenly has a sense of feeling free and letting loose. The next thing the teenage girl remembers is waking up in a hospital bed to her mother crying by her bed si de. The only thing her mom could say was â€Å"Honey, please wake up. Please be okay, I want you to beRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Treatment: How To Handle Teen Drinking. An1967 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol Abuse Treatment: How To Handle Teen Drinking An estimated 10 million underage drinkers were reported by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services in 2010. Although the number of underage drinkers has gone down over the past years, still there are millions of teenagers who have been regular alcohol drinkers in the United States. Among the 10 million underage drinkers, 2 million were heavy drinkers. This surely can be very alarming considering how it is likely that these teenagers areRead MoreAlcohol And Teens : Should The U.s. Lower Or Rise It s Drinking Age?1031 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol and Teens: Should the U.S. Lower or Rise It’s Drinking Age? Alcohol is a depressant. It slows down the activity of the central nervous system, including the brain. A debate amongst our nation has been â€Å"Should the minimum drinking age be lower than 21?† I personally do not think so. Even though at age 18 you are technically an adult and responsible for your own actions, I do not think the legal alcohol consumption age should be lowered because it causes health risks, bad decisions, and endangersRead MoreLowering The Alcohol Drinking Age1602 Words   |  7 Pages Lowering The Alcohol Drinking Age Now a day’s teens that are under the age of twenty-one are out in trouble and drinking. They know that they are not old enough to drink and that is what makes them want to drink even more. Teens drink when they are not suppose to, but they know that when they drink, they must stay out of trouble. Lowering the alcohol drinking age will keep a bunch of teens out of trouble. If teens can stay safe while drinking then they should allow eighteen year olds to drinkRead MoreLargest Number of Consumers of Alcohol in the United States are Teenages556 Words   |  3 Pages Alcohol is the most universally used and abused drug in the United States. An issue that continues to rise in today’s public health is alcohol use. Consuming alcohol in excessive amounts is not only a problem in the United States but worldwide as well. The largest number of consumers is teenagers. During this period of development, teens are faced with a multitude of pressures whether it’s trying to m aintain good grades in school or perform well in sports. Teens may also be influenced by variousRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1599 Words   |  7 Pagestopic that has gone on for many years is whether the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen years old, as opposed to where it is now, at twenty one. Some argue that at age eighteen, a person is legally an adult and able to go to war, vote, and partake in other adult activities. If they are an adult at this age, why are they unable to legally drink alcohol? There are numerous reasons why drinking is unsafe for those under twenty one. The drinking age is set at age twenty one for a reason, and shouldRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is A Problem Striking The People Of America910 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol abuse is a problem striking the people of America. There are more than twelve million alcoholics in America, and the numbers only continue to increase. All Americans spend a total of about one hundred ninety-seven million do llars on alcohol in one day! It has gotten so bad that now even adolescents as young as thirteen begin to drink. Disconcertingly, every thirty minutes a person dies from an alcohol related incident. Alcohol has become the number one drug problem in all of America. In factRead MoreTeen Drinking And Driving921 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 4 *date* Teen drinking and driving Drinking and driving is one of the biggest social issues for teens across the United States. Getting behind the wheel of a vehicle after consuming alcohol is a very dangerous thing no matter what age you are. However, teens do not think about the consequences of drinking and driving until it is already too late. Many things contribute to this growing problem of teen drinking and driving. First, there is a lack of education about drinking and driving in schools

Diet Free Essays

Weight and eating right are constantly thrown at us today. Many diet and exercise plans claim to be based In scientific fact, that the findings have been completed In a lab under controlled circumstances to produce results. Some of these articles are titled â€Å"Weird Reasons We Gain Weight† and â€Å"The Psychology of a Restaurant Menu. We will write a custom essay sample on Diet or any similar topic only for you Order Now † These articles are everywhere on the Internet, and make various claims behind the science of eating, food and things it can do to our bodies. I will examine the popular science behind the psychology of eating, the popularity of diets proven by â€Å"science† and how science drives our eating habits as a society and culture. David A. Kessler is a Harvard trained doctor, lawyer and former commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. Kessler Is also the author of the book â€Å"The End of Overeating† which examines why people cannot resist or stop consuming certain foods. Kessler believes that overeating begins In our brain, not In our bodies. He has developed a theory that claims that foods high In fat, salt and sugar alter the brains chemistry In ways that causes people to overeat. L According to Kessler, rather than satisfying hunger the combination of salt-fat-sugar stimulate the brain to crave more of these foods. What happens is these foods cause the brain to release dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure center, into the person’s body. This causes the person to associate these foods with pleasure, causing a craving of the food. Over time, Just the thought or sight of the foods makes the dopamine pathways light up, causing an uncontrollable desire for the food. Once the person has eaten the food, the brain releases voids, which produces emotional relief. This combination of dopamine and voids create a pathway that activates every time the person thinks about the food. Deprivation, such as that caused when a person diets, only causes a person to crave the food more, this Is why diets don’t often work. Kessler says that a rewiring of the brain Is required to stop this cycle. Once this Is done, the body stops craving foods like It did before. 2 The difficultly will be changing how and what we eat as a culture, o that these foods are not as readily available. Much of the science behind diets is rooted in the proper nutrition needed for ones’ body. Recently, Chris and Alexander van Tulle, identical twins and both physicians, decided to test the effectiveness of two different â€Å"popular diets. † Chris’ consisted of super low fat, only 2% of his daily intake was fat, while Alexander diet was high-protein, that completely eliminated sugar. They had a similar daily routine, and followed the exact same fitness regime every day. Both experience unwelcome side effects, from bad breath to constipation. Alexander felt sluggish and had issues keeping up with Chris on bike rides. Chris on the other hand, claimed he had a constant gnawing hunger that couldn’t be satisfied without fats. While Alexander was the weight loss winner for the month, his high protein diet caused his body to go Into ketosis, a state In which the body burns fat but doesn’t effectively provide the brain with the glucose (sugar) it needs for energy. How to cite Diet, Papers

Accounting for Managers

Question : Discuss about the Accounting for Managers ? Answer : Introduction: Gola and Costa set for establishing a business of selling fruit juices. The location of the shop is inside Shopping Arcade and nearby a supermarket. Their plan is to provide fresh juices to their customers, earn a significant amount of profits and sell off the same in the future course of time. They will follow just in time for inventory management. Gola is under the impression that they will be successful in earning profits by controlling their cost as he believes that for running a successful business, only profitability is the foremost criteria. Posta believes that their business will be successful due to their choice of location and due to the eating habits of the people. Since there has been a significant shift in the eating habits, people have become more conscious for their healthy well-being and this was one of the reasons why both the entrepreneurs had propagated such kind of idea of business. Arrangement of funds, costs and investment: As an Aspiring MBA graduate studying accounting for managers and being there friend, I can make them understand and analyse many other aspects apart from profitability and location of business. Since I am specializing in the field of Management and Finance I can help them in some statistical analysis which they are significantly missing on their part. Before setting of the business, it is very important to discuss the kind of industry in which they are supposed to enter a detailed analysis is required to be done right from the point of financial investment to related cost both fixed and fluctuating , expected return in fair terms. It is also relevant that they search for their competitors and analyse their business as for how they are creating an impact in the business environment. The location of the business, which they have decided is quite favourable. However, to achieve the same, both of them have to make a significant investment in terms of leasing. It refers to borrowing the property against paying for its value for a significant period of time. For this, they have to enter into an agreement with the lessor of Shopping Arcade. It is equally important that they understand the terms and conditions of leasing properly and should have a lease term of 5 years so that they can cover all their cost during this period of time (BusinessDictionary.com, 2016). For the purpose of investment, they need to have availability of funds. It is required that they approach a bank who can arrange for their finance. They need to convince the bank regarding their potential profitability of business. For this, they should have the significant backup plan on paper which is able to prove with reasonable estimates and assumptions that their prospective business is a successful plan for the future. It is also important that they should be aware of the cost of capital which will be required in their leasing terms. After arranging the significant amount of loan and arranging the same for the lease the next part is to analyse various types of cost associated with their business. Cost can be divided into fixed and variable component. For example, fixed cost will be the lease amount which is to be spread for the period of 5 years cost. Blending machines, refrigerators, furniture, benches washing up sinks, falls into fixed cost. Variable cost will be the cost of raw materials like all those fruits which will be purchased on a daily basis. Fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the level of output while variable cost changes as per the level of output. Variable cost can increase or decrease as per the level of production but fixed cost remains the same throughout the level of production (Boundless, 2016). After analysing all the significant cost, the next component is the break-even analysis. Break even analysis refers to the function where it is required to determine what is required to sell on a monthly or annual basis in order to cover the cost of doing the business. Like, if fixed cost is $2, 00,000 and expected contribution will be $4, break even will be $50,000. This means they will earn profits after covering $50,000(Cleverism, 2016). Setting up of standards and its importance: It is also required to set a standard for sales. This will act as a benchmark for their business as how much is required to earn in order to cross the level of breakeven point and earn a significant share of profit. By setting up standard it can be later compared with the actual sales figure. Like, for first quarter sales expected is $15,000 but actual sales was $18,000. Thus, it is a favourable condition for them as actual has exceeded its standards. With the actual figure and standards, variances can be computed for the future relevance (AllBusiness.com, 2016). The reason behind the setting up of a standard is equivalent to setting up of short term goal which will be quite helpful in achieving a long-term goal for the business. For cost, monthly expected expenditure is $10,000 but actual came to $12,000. Reason for extra $2,000 will be analysed and corrective action to be adopted for the same. Budgeting helps us to identify unnecessary expenditures and in making us adaptable towards the frequent changing financial position of the business. Budgeting ensures that we will have sufficient amount of money in order to meet the requirement of the business. It will be advisable to Gola and Costa that they should understand the essence of budgeting and implement the same for the success of their business. The concept of budgeting will help Gola and Costa immensely. It is an important tool which will control the flow of money in their business. It will also ensure that their business will turn out to be very effective and efficient in the long run ( Mymoneycoach.ca, 2016). One of the main reasons behind the term of the lease is to cover all kind of fixed cost during that period. Since it is the plan of Gola and Costa to sell off their business in future, it is required that their business should run in scientific and profitable manner. For this, they need to understand the relevance of documentation in terms of recording finance, lease papers terms of bank loans etc. The prospective buyer will analyse the business in his own way. Unless and until he finds its economically viable, he will not take over the business. Now, economic viability can be analysed by way of proper maintenance of records, lease papers, bank loans terms, and conditions etc. He will analyse that whether the said business was profitable or not. Whether the bank loan taken has been paid off and all other statutory dues or complied with or not. Lease papers will also be verified. This needs to be understood by Gola and Costa since the beginning of their business. It is very important that they should keep in mind since the beginning regarding selling off their business in the future course of time. This will drive them more proactively to achieve their short term plan which is in the form of standards. By achieving the short-term standard, they will be able to achieve their ultimate aim, i.e. profitability. Unless and until the business is not profitable, it won't remain attractive for the prospective buyer to take over the same in future. It is also important that the business gains popularity amongst the consumers. This will help in creating the brand image for Gola and Costa and will it yield in terms of goodwill while selling off the business. Both the buyer and seller will be in a profitable position if a business has developed a brand image of its own in the market. Conclusion: The whole process is beyond the concept of capital investment decisions. It involves the role of management accounting as in terms of setting targets and achieving the same, producing raw materials i.e. inventory management, handling the customers and creating a favourable image in front of them etc. So, apart from having the knowledge of finance, it is equally important that Gola and Costa should be aware regarding management accounting and other important aspects. With the help of the above-stated concept, it will help Gola and Costa to have the efficient and effective setup of business. To conclude, it is required that Gola and Costa should not only rely on the concept of profitability or location of business. They should be quite aware regarding the concept of break-even analysis, an estimate of sales and setting up of targets, different types of cost involved and their implications, importance of budgeting in their business, arrangement of investment with the help of a loan from bank and requirements for selling off their business in future. By following these above concepts of finance and management accounting, they will surely succeed in their attempt for a successful venture (Debitoor.com, 2016). Reference AllBusiness.com. (2016). Creating a Budget and Sales Forecast | AllBusiness.com. [online] Available at: https://www.allbusiness.com/creating-a-budget-and-sales-forecast-977-1.html [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Boundless. (2016). Types of Costs. [online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/production-9/production-cost-64/types-of-costs-240-12338/ [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. BusinessDictionary.com. (2016). What is a lease? definition and meaning. [online] Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/lease.html [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Cleverism. (2016). Break-Even Analysis: What, Why, and How. [online] Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/break-even-analysis/ [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Debitoor.com. (2016). Management accounting - What is management accounting? | Debitoor. [online] Available at: https://debitoor.com/dictionary/management-accounting [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Mymoneycoach.ca. (2016). What is Budgeting and Why is it Important? | My Money Coach. [online] Available at: https://www.mymoneycoach.ca/budgeting/what-is-a-budget-planning-forecasting [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Accounting for Managers Question: Managers frequently use CVP Analysis and Budgeting to screen business plans by evaluating a firms cost structure and sales volume needed to generate profit. Mountain Views Hotel is planning to open a Boutique Hotel accommodation in the Blue Mountains area that runs a Food and Beverage operation serving breakfast as part of the guest experience. Your team is expected to develop a successful business plan including making recommendations for improvement in future years. The Report will be written as if it were being presented to potential investors in the business. Use the Balanced Score Card approach to present key assumptions and justify them by research and analysis undertaken. Discuss critically key results that would impact on your future decision-making including a fully supported explanation of how you could improve this business by making any changes. Make recommendations to the proposed investors including ideas for the next steps to progress the business concept. Prepare your analysis as an authentic business report. Answer: Introduction The Australian tourism and hotel industry have significant contribution on GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Australian. As per Price Water cooper house Report of 2009 it is estimated there are 6807 hotels employing almost 188000 people in Australia. The market outlook indicates that the hotel industry has matured because the numbers of hotels have declined over the years and also the income growth of the industry has been minimal. But the situations are seen improving as the 2015 data suggests that both domestic and international visitors have increased. There has been 8.2% growth in international visitors and 7% growth in domestic visitors (Hall, 1991). In this report a business plan is developed for Mountain View Hotel analyzing the business opportunity of Boutique Hotel in Blue Mountains (Hardiman Burgin, 2011). For this purpose the hotel industry of Australia, tourism opportunity in Blue Mountains and the projected financial data of the proposed Boutique hotel are analyzed to develop an effective business plan and also to evaluate the investment decision. Objectives The objectives of the Mount Boutique Hotel for first few years are: Achieving customer satisfaction and exceeding customers expectation; Achieving 90% occupancy rate during peak period; Recruiting and training efficient staffs. Mission The mission of Mount Boutique Hotel is to become the preferred choice of customers in Blue Mountain area. Company Summary Mountain View is a well known hotel chain that is currently running a restaurant in Blue Mountain. It is planning to open a boutique hotel in Blue Mountain. Market Analysis Australian Tourism and Hotel Industry The international and domestic visitors are expected to surge giving a positive outlook for the overall hotel industry. As per the economic forecasts data it is expected that international visitors will grow by 5.3% per annum for next three years. This growth in tourism numbers will have a positive impact on the Australian Hotel Industry. The demands for hotels are expected to grow by 3% per annum in next three years. There is an increasing demand supply disparity in hotel industry as a result it is expected that room rate will grow by 2.9% by 2018 (Anderson, 2006). It can be concluded that Hotel Industry of Australia is looking good and it is the opportune moment to make investment in this sector. Analyzing Blue Mountain as Investment destination The Blue Mountains is just two hours away from Sydney and it is a perfect holiday destination for anyone looking for a break from hectic life style. The blue Mountain offers spectacular scenic beauties like Three Sisters at Echo point, dinning, shopping, spa, bush walking and other natural attraction (Hudson Lang, 2002). It is an ever growing tourist destination with tremendous growth potential. From an hotelier point of view the current market scenario offers an excellent investment opportunity in Blue Mountain. Product Analysis There is a growing optimism in hotel industry because of positive macro economic developments. Being in tune with the overall market sentiment Mount View hotel has decided to start a Boutique Hotel in Blue Mountain. Boutique hotels are much smaller in size but they are stylish and unique further it tries to provide separate experience than that of corporate run hotels (Presbury et. al., 2005). The advantages of a boutique hotel are: It requires less investment; Occupancy rates are also high as there are only few number of rooms; Fixed cost is less because the size is small; It does not provide variety of services so its variable cost is also low. The above analysis shows that Mount View hotels decision to open a boutique hotel in Mount View is justified. Financial Analysis Cost Estimation The aim is to become the best in class boutique hotel in Blue Mountains (Bruner, 1998). It is estimated to have total eighty rooms out of which 30 rooms will be high end deluxe rooms and there will be 50 standard rooms. The deluxe rooms will include king sized bed, a desk, a mirror and a color television. Further the bathroom of the deluxe room will be of four to five meters with a sink, toilet and shower. The total estimated cost for starting the Boutique hotel is $754800.00. The details are given in the table below. Start Up Funding Start Up expenses to fund $654,800.00 Start Up Assets to fund $100,000.00 Total Funding Required $754,800.00 To fund the project a mortgage loan of Rs. 500,000.00 is to be obtained at 8% per annum. The remaining fund of 254,800.00 is to be provided by Mountain Views hotel. Cost Volume Profit Analysis The viability of any business plan is determined by analyzing its projected financial performance. The business plans are often screened for determining their financial viability by using cost volume profit analysis (Scapens, 1985). The CVP (Cost Volume Profit) analysis helps in determining the effect that costs and volume has on profit. The Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis are often performed to determine the future activity and to provide valuable insight on: Which services or product are to be emphasized; To determine the volume of sales that is required to achieve targeted sales; The minimum revenue that is required to achieve break even; The level of risk that an organization is exposed to because of the fixed cost; Assumptions of CVP Analysis There are certain assumptions that are made while performing CVP (Cost Volume Profit) analysis (Drury, 1992), they are: Per unit Sales price is constant; Per unit Variable cost is constant; Total Fixed cost is also constant; Every units produced are sold; Change in costs are due to change in activity; In case more than one product is sold then they are sold in same mix. Cost Function The cost function is a process of dividing the total costs into fixed costs and Variable Costs (Binswanger, 1974). The total cost can only be ascertained after the estimated financial statement is prepared. The projected financial statements are prepared on the basis of certain assumptions and they are: The operating costs are determined by the management based on the research of similar hotels, The fixed start up cost is amortized over the years, The room occupancy rate was calculated for both the deluxe and standard rooms on the basis of seasonal demand. The first step of performing the Cost Volume Profit Analysis is to estimate the cost functions. On the basis of the projected financial statement each cost is determined as either fixed or variable costs. In the projected financial statement of Mount Boutique Hotel the estimated variable costs is $ 2234605.00 which is $96.49 per unit and the estimated fixed cost is $3153904.00. The estimated fixed costs include Direct Labor costs of $803,040.00; overhead costs of $1696084.00; selling expenses of $259850.00 and administrative expenses of $394950.00. The estimated variable costs include direct material of $88.49 per unit and over head of $8.00 per unit. Contribution Margin Ratio The contribution is calculated by deducting Variable costs from sales. So the contribution margin ratio is that part of the sales that exceeds variable costs (Garrison et. al., 2003). It can be used to pay fixed costs. The contribution margin ratio measures operational efficiency, a higher ratio suggests higher efficiency. In the projected financial statement of Boutique hotel estimated sales is $6995325.00 and estimated variable costs is $2234605.00. The contribution margin comes to $4,460,720.00 that is 66.60% which is very high. It suggests that only 33.40% of total sales cover the variable costs and the remaining 66.6% is used to meet the fixed costs and earn profit. It can be reasonably concluded that any sudden increase in cost will not affect the profitability of the hotel because it has high contribution margin ratio which is a very healthy sign for any business. Calculation of Contribution Margin Particulars Amount Sales $6695325.00 Variable Costs $2234605.00 Contribution margin $4460720.00 Contribution Margin Ratio 66.6% Break even Sales The break even sale represents that level of sales where the profit is zero. At this level total sales revenue is equals to total variable costs and the contribution margin is equal to fixed costs (Blocher et. al., 2008). The break even sale is an important level because sales below this level will result in losses and sales above this level will lead to profits. In the projected financial statements of Mount Boutique hotel total fixed costs are $3153904.00 and the variable cost per unit is 192.60 so the break even sale comes to $4733857.83. The total estimated sale is $6695325.00 and the 70.70% of it is Break even sales. This means that business needs to achieve at least 70% of the estimated sales to attain no profit no loss situation otherwise it will make losses. This is a very high percentage and implies that there is a very heavy burden of fixed costs on the business. It is suggested that business should re estimate its fixed costs structure and try to reduce the Break even sale s to 50%. The hotel should cut down fixed costs by $4399091.00 to attain the targeted break even sales. Particulars Amount Fixed Costs $3153904.00 Contribution margin $4460720.00 Break even sales $4733857.38 Margin of safety The margin of safety is that part of the total sales that is above Breakeven Sales. It is calculated by deducting breakeven sales from total sales. The Margin of safety is a valuable indicator of profitability of an organization (Shih, 1979). It also indicates to the management how reduction of revenue will affect the break even of the organization. The higher the Margin of safety the better it is for the business. Because a low Margin of safety suggests increase in fixed costs, extra discounts or increase in prices by suppliers. So it is important to monitor margin of safety ratios. In the projected financial data of Mount Boutique hotel the total expected sales is $6695325.00 and the break even sales is $4733857.38 so the margin of safety is $1961467.62. The margin of safety ratio comes to 29.30% of total sales. It is suggested that Margin of safety ratio should be improved. It can be done by improving sales or reducing breakeven point. Operating Leverage The Operating Leverage is the analysis of relationship between fixed costs and variable costs. It is calculated by dividing contribution margin by income from operations. The operating leverages are high for companies that have large fixed costs in their total operation costs. A higher operating leverage suggests that every increase in sales will multiply profits when the breakeven point is reached (Lev, 1974). But if breakeven sales are not reached then higher operating leverage will intensify losses. So with high operating leverage a high level of risk is involved. In the estimated financial statement of Mount Boutique hotel the contribution margin is $4460720.00 and Income from operations are $1306816.00 so the operating leverage comes to 3.4 times. This means that Contribution is 3.4 times more than income from operation so it can be derived that fixed costs are 2.4 times of income from operation which is very high. So it is suggested to take necessary measures to reduce fixed co sts. Conclusion The overall projected financial statement of Mount Boutique hotel indicates that it is a high return low risk business opportunity for any investor. The high breakeven sales and low Margin of safety is due to higher fixed costs (Alexander, 2001). The burden of higher fixed costs is due to the amortization of start up costs in initial years as it gets completely amortized then fixed costs will certainly come down thus improving the margin of safety and break even sales figure. The market analysis has shown that it is an opportune moment for any investor to enter into tourism sector. The expected growth figures are very attractive and it is also estimated there will be a shortage of supply as the increase in demand is much higher than that of supply (Jennings, 2001). If the overall macroeconomic views are considered then globally major economies are improving so it is expected that international visitors will surge in coming years. The Mount Boutique hotel will be one of its kinds in Blue Mountains. It will offer a unique experience to its visitors because of its prominent location and customized services. 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