What Caused The Revolutionary War †History Essay

What Caused The Revolutionary War – History Essay Free Online Research Papers What Caused The Revolutionary War History Essay One of the most important facts of any revolution is violence. This is often a response to the heightened repression or other intolerable demands from the government against its people. The American Revolution is no exception. Following the Seven Years War, England need to recover some of their finances which were lost due to the war. England passed many Acts that were ill conceived and had long term effects on the relationship between England and the colonies. The most controversial of these were direct taxes. The last time Parliament had tried a direct tax was as recent as 1765, when Lord Greenville enacted the Stamp Act which forced the colonists to pay for stamps on printed documents, the Stamp Act. The Stamp was passed in November of 1765. This taxed all paper documents It also stated that all legal documents had to be stamped or contained a British seal. The actual cost of the Stamp Act was relatively small. What made the law so offensive to the colonists was not so much its immediate cost but the standard it seemed to set. In the past, taxes and duties on colonial trade had always been viewed as measures to regulate commerce, not to raise money. The Stamp Act, however, was viewed as a direct attempt by England to raise money in the colonies without the approval of the colonial legislatures. If this new tax were allowed to pass without resistance, the colonists reasoned, the door would be open for far more troublesome taxation in the future. This help lead to the war because the colonists finally realized the intent of the British Royalties. In 1773 the Tea Act was passed. The Tea Act not only put a three penny per pound tax on tea but it also gave the British East India Company a near monopoly because it allowed the company to sell directly to the colonial agents avoiding any middlemen. In Boston the colonists held a town meeting to try to get their Tea Agents to resign. The Tea Agents would not resign and a few months later angered Bostonians dressed as Indians boarded three tea ships and dumped it all into Boston Harbor. This was also a leading cause in the war for independence because the colonists first acted out against the Crown. This infuriated the crown because one of its biggest money makers were going down hill and this was the only source of income. The Stamp was passed in November of 1765. This taxed all paper documents It also stated that all legal documents had to be stamped or contained a British seal. The actual cost of the Stamp Act was relatively small. What made the law so offensive to the colonists was not so much its immediate cost but the standard it seemed to set. In the past, taxes and duties on colonial trade had always been viewed as measures to regulate commerce, not to raise money. The Stamp Act, however, was viewed as a direct attempt by England to raise money in the colonies without the approval of the colonial legislatures. If this new tax were allowed to pass without resistance, the colonists reasoned, the door would be open for far more troublesome taxation in the future. This help lead to the war because the colonists finally realized the intent of the British Royalties. The Americans had felt the taxes of Lord Greenville were a deliberate aim to disinherit the colonists by denying them the rights of the English. The first of these acts were the Townshend Acts. The Townshend Acts were passed in 1767 and placed new taxes on paper, paints, tea, lead and, glass. The new taxes would be used to pay for British officials in the American service. These acts infuriated the colonists because they believed that Parliament had the right to put taxes on the trade of the colonies but could not place taxes directly on the colonists to raise revenue. This help cause the war because the colonist were tired of paying those over them who did nothing to help them. Then in 1764 the British parliament passed the Colonial Currency Act. This act took away the right of any colony to issue its own paper money. This lead to increased poverty and hardship after the French and Indian war. The people opposed it because if more money was in circulation the economy would of been better. This help lead to the Revolutionary war because it caused the colonist to become impoverished which made them fight against everything said and done by the English Crown. The Sugar act passed in 1764 was also a cause in the revolutionary war. It put a three cent tax on all refined sugar and indigo, coffee, and etc. This caused local production to go up in the colonies. This was a cause in the war only because it caused the British to become upset that the English Colonies were gaining more money than the Country itself. Research Papers on What Caused The Revolutionary War - History EssayQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBringing Democracy to AfricaDefinition of Export QuotasStandardized Testing

Bahuvrihi Compounds

Bahuvrihi Compounds Bahuvrihi Compounds Bahuvrihi Compounds By Mark Nichol Have you ever described someone as a blockhead? Have you explained an action as heavy-handed? Have you ever referred to someone as white-collar? If so, then you’ve employed a bahuvrihi compound. Such terms are compounds in which the first word of each pair is a feature of the second; the composition is an adjective (or, occasionally, a noun) attached to a noun to itself serve as an adjective or a noun. The name, from Sanskrit, is itself a bahuvrihi compound that means â€Å"much rice† but refers, as a form of synecdoche, to a rich man. (A synecdoche is a term that uses a part of something to refer to the whole, such as hand in the direction â€Å"Give me a hand† when what one is asking for is the use of one’s entire person.) Bahuvrihi compounds often refer to a characteristic of a person. They can be neutral (barefoot) or derogatory (lowlife). They can refer to a physical feature (graybeard or redhead) or to status within a profession or pursuit (blue-collar and white-collar, or tenderfoot) or an attitude associated with one’s place in society (bluestocking or highbrow). Compounds such as heavy-handed can describe an approach or a personality trait. They can also pertain to an object (houndstooth, to describe a fabric pattern; also styled hound’s-tooth) or to an animal (sabretooth); other compounds that, like these, consist of two nouns include several pejorative terms for someone perceived to be dumb or foolish: blockhead, bonehead, half-wit, and knucklehead. By contrast, a person considered highly intelligent is called an egghead. Note that bahuvrihi compounds are usually closed; the aforementioned blue-collar and white-collar, as well as half-wit and heavy-handed, are exceptions, as is the term â€Å"old money,† to refer to a family that has been wealthy for generations (or an individual from such a family). Whether the compound is open, hyphenated, or closed, is, as is the case with compounds in general, random; note blue-collar and bluestocking, for example. Bahuvrihi compounds are useful resources for writers as expressive ways to describe a person or, occasionally, a place or a thing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Alternatives to formal compulsory schooling Essay

Alternatives to formal compulsory schooling - Essay Example As Illich claims, almost all high cost educational programs that launched in the US were failure. They could not make any notable improvement in the learning of the marginalized children. A comparison with their classmates who are from middle income families reveals that they have further fallen back. The reasons for the failure of such programs were that the allocated fund, though it seemed to be huge, was insufficient to improve the performance of children who outnumbered the amount. Moreover, the fund was not concentrated only on the poor children; the children from upper class also had a share from it. In order to make such programs a success, the fund must be directed to the beneficiary, allowing them to buy their share to be utilized at their will. In the words of the writer, neither in North America nor in Latin America the poor get equality from universal education. One of the basic objectives of universal education is to provide a child with his social responsibilities. Even after being educated, the mindset of the people is not changed, so, the legacy of compulsory education must be questioned and judged severely. Across the world, especially in the US, the school has an anti-educational effect on the society as the schools deviated from its basic cause for which they were set up. Nowadays, people regard education as very costly, very complex and an impossible affair due to the failures of the schools. The monopoly of imparting education is not bestowed only on schools, but schools discourage other institutions from assuming educational tasks. The Supreme Court Justice William Douglas opines that â€Å"the only way to establish an institution is to finance it† (Illich). This is true in the case of schools that only by channeling dollar away from the parents the schools admit students. In the US, the per capita rate for a school has increased in such a way that for the past couple of years the rate of increase was unbearable. This phenomenon is apparent among the private schools and only rich parents can afford private education for their children. Thus, compulsory welfare may lead to further impoverishment. Obligated schooling divided the society and graded it according to an education based caste system. Societies are considered as castes and distinction is made by the average years of schooling by the members. What is happening in the school is a person learns a given skill with the largest expenditure of public funds that too for the attainment of a diploma which has no relation to any useful skill or job. According to Illich, schools provide neither justice nor learning, because the educators are adamant on a package of instructions with certification. Schools provide links to one’s roles in the society, but fail to make them efficiently play their roles. Aside from this, schools hold back instructions to those students whose every step in learning suits formerly approved measures of social control. Pupils are not given adequate opportunity for enhancing their skills with the help of a right teacher who can highly motivate them without the constraints of curriculum. Skill learning for inventive and creative behavior must be promoted by institutional arrangement, though they are often opposed nature. Schools are performing badly because they fail to distinguish between learning and education. Schools confuse teaching with learning, education with grade advancement and fluency with the ability to speak

Marketing Law Team Meeting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Law Team Meeting - Research Proposal Example It will be an uphill task to satisfactorily answer their queries. We are about to get our produce manufactured from China. The goods that we get manufactured from China and pass off as our own raises legal issues that do not act in our favor. The consumer buys the product in the belief that it is manufactured by us. In the event there is a mismatch in the outcome of the use of the product, we could face charges of misleading the consumer. Other than this, it could also land us on charges of false representation. We could also face intent to defraud. I am aware that we are outsourcing the manufacture due to labor cost constraints. There may be others who are already manufacturing their goods from China. However, let us take a long term view. We want to survive in this business. Let us scout for more competitive destinations. We need not make cost the determining factor. We may have to make the consumer pay more. Nonetheless, the consumer will even buy it. I am not trying to tar whole China with one brush. I am not saying that the Chinese only produce inferior goods. However, the track record of that country will keep us on our toes. We will have to have the goods checked for any compromise on quality before packaging them. We will have to have a system in place whereby the goods are always checked before they are packaged. This exercise will add to our costs and we will have to ensure that it is in place for all the time we continue to receive goods from China. There isn't any possibility of the situation changing in China in the foreseeable future. The Australian customer wants the best quality. We have to make sure that the product we offer is the best and has the potential to be among the top manufacturing competitors. We have to contend not only with individual cases, but also a whole lot of groups. When a flaw is noticed in the product it will lead the consumer to the retailer and then to the company. It will not be possible to square up to the customer. The word will spread. The cost for reparation will be enormous. Let us be more pragmatic in our approach. Let us be more competitive. We will consider other destinations. Let not the cost factor limit our choice to China alone. There are others in better situation where the cost may be more but we may not have to preoccupy ourselves in matters regarding quality. Litigation in China The social and economic conditions in China are changing very fast. Public Interest Litigations (PILs) are filed in courts for social injustices. There are non-government organizations that take up issues to deal with human rights, racial or sexual abuses. However, there is silence on issues concerning economic offences. It is not very clear how far we could get on issues of economy. The system moves very slowly and it rarely favors the litigant. The outcome of many cases is unknown (Public Interest Litigation in China). Conclusion It is good to see the end from the beginning. As of now, we are not in a position to do business with China. In our line of business, we cannot compromise on quality. The product we are offering must be near perfect. We must face our consumers. Our consumers are demanding. They are asking for the best. The legal implications are clear. We cannot hide from the law. Our business requires us

Arc of Justice Essay Example for Free

Arc of Justice Essay Arc of Justice by Kevin Boyle does a lot more than tell an account of an incident in 1920s Detroit, it goes deeper into the problems of people within the city as well as the city itself. The story focuses on Ossian Sweet, a man from a small town called Bartow, Florida whose parents sent him up north so he could have a chance to make something of himself, which he did. This, however, did not change the fact that he was a black man living in early 20th century America, and moved into the city of Detroit which was known to be the most segregated city in the United States (p. 44) Boyle digs into the personal life of Sweet, as well as the lives of people around him- black and white- to give the reader a clear, realistic aspect of how life was like in 1920s Detroit. The beginning of the novel depicts Sweet’s transformation from a country boy in Florida to an up-and-coming successful doctor in the busy city of Detroit. At the mere age of thirteen, Ossian was sent from the small farm his parents Henry and Dora had to the college in Ohio by the name of Wilberforce. There Ossian began his learning on a campus that was now where near as greatly funded as the white colleges like Harvard. From there he moved on to Howard University, where Ossian got an eye opener about himself as well as the problems with race. When he began his teaching in Harvard in the late 1910s, the race riots were a constant threat, and by living in Washington DC, Ossian got to see a lot of it.

A Comparison of Seamus Heaneys Poem Digging and The song of the old mo

I have looked at the poem 'Digging' by Seamus Heaney. The poem is about the poet digging into his past and appears to be a modest poem. The "nicking and slicing neatly" that Heaney says in his poem can also apply to the crafting of a poem. Heaney seems unhappy and distanced from his farming family roots however he shows a good amount of admiration for farming men. Heaney shows the skill and dignity of labour. The expertise is rather admired than the strength and the technique is very precisely explained. He constantly has memories of common places, which very few people would notice, but Heaney thinks that these memories should be recognised. He is frustrated at how different he is to his family. Maybe in those days writing poems may not have been seen as manly. I am going to compare this poem 'Digging' to another poem which is called 'The song of the old mother' written by William Butler Yeats. First of all in Heaney's poem he is talking about himself as a child to his grandfather, while Yeats is talking about the older people to the younger generation. "My grandfather cut more turf in a day, Than any other man in toners bog." This quote shows that Heaney was talking as a child to his grandfather. "And the young lie long and dream in their bed." This quote shows that Yeats is talking about the younger generation and by calling them young she is implying that she is significantly older than the people she is referring to. In both poems they describe heavy manual work, but in 'Digging' they love doing the work that they do and in 'The song of the old mother' she is unhappy and bitter that she has to scrub... ...s family had a close relationship because when he was young he did not really describe any conflict between them but in Blake's poem he does show the love of the weeping mother. When the farther kisses the child he is showing his ever nigh love of god for the child. In Blake's poem he is implying the worship of god (the farther) because he has involved god when simply a child has been lost from his parents. In Heany's poem he shows his personal love and respect for his farther and grandfather. "Once I carried him milk in a bottle Corked sloppily with paper." This quote can show in a way that he loved his farther because he cared enough to go get his farther some milk in a bottle. In conclusion I think that these poems have explored the relationships between different families from different generations.

Old Joe Case Report

In the spring of 2012, our management group, group 7, was assigned to take over a business as top level management. With the only guideline of creating a drastically more capable and profitable organization within a year, we had a lot of work ahead. The business belonged to Old Joe, an absolute genius engineer who was lacking in business management skills, Fred, a failed engineer with underlying personal issues resulting in counterproductive activity, and Netty, Old Joe’s wife. This division of the business specializes in the creation of medical products, and has customers globally.The backwards situation the business was in cannot be overstated. There was a huge set of order back logs, quality problems, inventory issues, social and culture problems within the company, and several others. With the business in such a dire state, we began our work. Organization Chart Opening Day Q1 * Establish Positions as boss by doing 2 things: * Introduce ourselves to all the current managers * Sending out a warning shot by giving the managers a one hour time frame to try and settle their differences. * This will make it clear to the managers that henceforth there will be no tolerance for social bickering. Begin working on the delinquent backorders worth roughly $16million. By the end of quarter one, at least 70% of the orders will be complete. A lot of overtime is going to be required for this to happen. This will address problem #3. * Fire Yolanda. She is simply terrible. This will address problem #10. * Demand that Bob apply himself better for job related issues. However, knowing that he is going to strive to work against the company goals, the extraction of information from Bob will be the goal. Once this is done, Bob will also be fired, which is roughly after 40 days.Promote a well qualified worker to bobs position * Hire a new Human Resources Manager (HRM) to replace Yolanda. The new HRM, Jenny, will be given 2-3 weeks to settle in, and get to know what the state of the company is, and what is required on his part. * We need to start on the paycheck errors right away. Unfortunately, we don’t believe we have the time to fix the problem all together, but we can reduce the amount of errors. We need to reduce the 3 way to â€Å"punch in† into one single method. We feel that written time cards would be the best way for now. It is quick and can be managed quite easily.We need to have the person fill out their time card which must be legible. If the time card is not legible, then the employee doesn’t get paid for that week until they can prove they worked those hours. The time card must be then signed and reviewed by a supervisor to make sure there are no errors on it. We can then hold the employee and the supervisor accountable for any errors that occur. This can even go through the new HR if problems still occur. This will address problem #15. * We need to have Ed work closely with the new HR that we hired to keep the paychec k errors under control.We are in a position where we need to first minimize the problem, until we have the time and resource to completely fix it. This will address problem #15. * Fred gets put on tight leash right away and given no leeway. His job will be laid out for him step by step and to ensure he is doing his job, we would keep up to date on his problems. Fred will have to answer forecasts directly to us and he will not be allowed on the production floor. That way he won’t be down yelling at people and he’ll be more focused on his job. Fred is high in the company and should know how to do his job even though he is not trained for his position.We will keep tabs on Fred ourselves and give him no leeway. I expect him to be a big part of this company getting back on track and his forecasting will help immensely. This will let him know he’s on thin ice and make him work harder. He should know how to make a sales forecast so we will push him for better work for now but he will be terminated if he does not shape up. This will address problem #24. * With Bob gone, issues will eventually be solved. Have Ed put aside issues with Harry for working purposes. With bob fired the problems between Ed and Harry will lessen.We need to call them into office together and talk to them face to face. Tell them each that work is work and differences need to be settled. Let them talk out whatever problems they have right then and there because when they leave our office it will be settled. With them working together more efficiently, quality checks will occur and the right products will be made and be made right. – This will address problem #1. * Ed will also start to documenting processes on how to make products in a detailed step by step fashion as they are needed by company.We want to limit the steps of a process to as simple as 20 steps or under. * All manuals will be step by step detailed processes but easy to follow. Everything will be laid out for laborers. This will address problem #11. * For the labor grievances, we think that after firing Bob and Yolanda, we should select the 10 most pressing grievances from the stack of 450, and tell the Union we will be willing to discuss only those grievances in full. This will address problem #16. * If they do not to budge, continue to press the issue calmly and ask them whether it is not reasonable to do this.Arbitration for those 10 will remain on the table if no median can be reached. This will address problem #16. * Priorities related to the accounts payable and accounts receivable issue: * As we have stated in the outline and using some of the ideas discussed in class we must empower Donna to contact customers and tell them we need to get their invoices and payments into us sooner, preferably in a period of about 30-35 days. This process will occur over all periods until we decrease it until our target time. This will address problem #13. Slow down the account payables rate by several days with better accuracy of the materials and services traced to the specific accounts. This is a continuous process and will be performed throughout all quarters. We will achieve this by having Donna call our suppliers and telling them we will now pay according to normal business schedules. This will address problem #14. * Work on fencing off inventory room, with only one entrance and have personnel in supply room to check everything going in and out. Fix supply room and make it so it is flowing.No dead ends, color coordinate, One entrance, useful products stay lower on shelves and more convenient to get. Products that are not used at much can stay higher up or farther back in stock room. – This will address problem #9. * Harry will be asked to implement some quality measures, Total Quality Management, Quality at the Source, implementing some better use of preventative costs among other things could be used after he helps to implement and empower the proper workers in the quality department. Value-added measurements should also be implemented in the quality metrics so that waste can be eliminated.Also it is imperative to document all processes throughout the plant. This is a continuous effort, and will not end as long as the company is in business. This will address problem #1. * As for future hires, Harry would be best to implement organized training procedures while the new head of HR grows accustomed to company procedures and requirements.. He will work with the new HR manager to give orientations of what the company is about and what is expected by us, the customers, and the company. Harry will also create metrics for determining what qualities are expected from future employees.This will address problem #1. Metrics Ending Q1 Time by Quarter (x) No. of Grievances (y) Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of Employees Exposed to Orientation (y) Time by Quarter (x) Order Backlog Remaining in Dollar Value in millions (y) Time by Quarter (x) Invento ry Accuracy Percentage (y) Time by Quarter (x) Payroll Errors / week (y) Time by Quarter (x) AP / AR Days (y) Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of Process Documentation (y) Time by Quarter (x) R&D projects incomplete / ongoing from Q1 (y) Organization Chart End Q1 Q2 * By Q2, we as the new bosses need to be the bottleneck for the company.Everything that goes through Howard needs to be prioritized by us until the company gets back up to par with all the back orders and other issues that it’s dealing with. * Howard needs to start documenting all the current information and putting it into a computer system that can be accessed by different department supervisors across the company. This will eliminate any mistakes that could possibly occur with the handwritten process that is currently in place. * Request that Harry and Ivan work together to develop metrics in qualifying suppliers- This will address problem #23. As we have stated in the outline and using some of the ideas discusse d in class, we must empower Donna to contact customers and tell them we need to get their invoices and payments into us sooner, preferably in a period of about 30-35 days. This process will occur over all periods. * Slow down the account payables rate by several days with better accuracy of the materials and services traced to the specific accounts. This is a continuous process and will be performed throughout all quarters. Have Donna call suppliers to slow notify them we are slowing the process in advance. This will address problem #14. Harry should then focus on the supplier metrics with Ivan and develop a scorecard. The scorecard should include total costs of ownership measures-from order to disposal-, delivery time from suppliers, and a more subjective measure of sorts on how integrated the supplier is in the process. Have these systems up and running by the end of quarter 2. This will address problem #1. * Harry will implement some quality measures, Total Quality Management, Qu ality at the Source, implementing some better use of preventative costs among other things could be used after he helps to implement and empower the proper workers in the quality department.Value-added measurements should also be implemented in the quality metrics so that waste can be eliminated. Also it is imperative to document all processes throughout the plant. Instantly and continuous. This will address problem #1. Metrics Ending Q2 Time by Quarter (x) Inventory Accuracy Percentage (y) Time by Quarter (x) Payroll Errors / week (y) Time by Quarter (x) Order Backlog Remaining in Dollar Value in millions (y) Time by Quarter (x) AP / AR Days (y) Time by Quarter (x) R&D projects incomplete / ongoing from Q1 (y) Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of Process Documentation (y)Organization Chart Ending Q2 Q3 * In Q3, train Howard to what the company needs most that way he can have an understanding of what the company needs first which will allow for us to be taken out of the picture, thus e liminating the bottleneck for this department of the company. * Howard needs to set up a communication system such as email for many of the supervisors or managers of the company which will greatly increase communication within the departments. This could have a significant effect on sale and engineering which would lead to new products being developed or at least thought about. Once the errors have been minimized, we can then work with Howard to install a way for the employee to punch in using a computer that can only be accessed by management. With this process in place, there will be no errors with the paychecks, freeing up time for everyone for not having to deal with these problems anymore. * As we have stated in the outline and using some of the ideas discussed in class, we must empower Donna to contact customers and tell them we need to get their invoices and payments into us sooner, preferably in a period of about 30-35 days.This process will occur over all periods. This wil l address problem #13. * Metrics for the company’s performance should be created last, only because we need to wait for the actions to be taken, and should include financial measures including gross profit, value-added measurements on the whole process, cycle counting. This way we can find what process are waste and unnecessary, and perhaps some ROI on the new investments made in R&D to potentially expand product lines and fortify their complementary products. This will address problem #1. * Physical inventory count will start. 3 day weekend, overtime will be handed out to those who come help with the count) * Two people will be hired for cycle counting after the physical inventory count has been completed. Katt and Ivan will be working together, utilizing the cycle counting as a form of checks and balances to ensure that the purchases do not step out of line with the predictions. This will address problem #9. Metrics Ending Q3 Time by Quarter (x) Payroll Errors / week (y) Ti me by Quarter (x) Inventory Accuracy Percentage (y) Time by Quarter (x) AP / AR Days (y) Time by Quarter (x) R&D projects incomplete / ongoing from Q1 (y)Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of Process Documentation (y) Organization Chart Ending Q3 Q4 * At this point, the company should be running fairly smoothly. Majority if not all of the problems would have been solved. The company will focus more on R&D at this point in order to increase profitability in the future. Metrics will play a large role in quality management of both processes and employees. Metrics Ending Q4 Time by Quarter (x) Inventory Accuracy Percentage (y) Time by Quarter (x) AP / AR Days (y) Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of Process Documentation (y) Organization Chart Ending Q4

The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 13

Thirteen Breakfast Somehow, through the night, the residents of Pine Cove, especially those who had been withdrawing from antidepressants, found a satisfied calm had fallen over them. It wasn't that their anxiety was gone, but rather that it ran off their backs like warm rain off a naked toddler who has just dis-covered the splash and magic of mud. There was joy and sex and danger in the air – and a euphoric need to share. Morning found many of them herding at the local restaurants for breakfast. Gathering together like wildebeests in the presence of a pride of lions, knowing instinctively that only one of them is going to fall to the fang: the one that is caught alone. Jenny Masterson had been waiting tables at H.P.'s Cafe for twelve years, and she couldn't remember a day out of the tourist season when it had been so busy. She moved between her tables like a dancer, pouring coffee and decaf, taking orders and delivering food, catching the odd request for more butter or salsa, and snatching up a dirty plate or glass on her way back to the window. No movement wasted, no customer ignored. She was good – really good – and sometimes that bugged the hell out of her. Jenny was just forty, slender and fair-skinned with killer legs and long auburn hair that she wore pinned up when she worked. With her husband Robert, she owned Brine's Bait, Tackle, and Fine Wines, but after three months of trying to work with the man she loved and after the birth of her daughter Amanda, who was five, she returned to waitressing to save her marriage and her sanity. Somewhere between college and today, she had become a bull moose waitress, and she never ceased to wonder how in the hell that had happened. How had she become the repository for local information bordering on gossip, and how had she become so damn good at picking up her customers' conversations, and following them as she moved around the restaurant? Today the restaurant was full of talk about Mikey Plotznik, who had disappeared along his paper route the day before. There was talk of the search and speculation on the kid's fate. At a few of her two-tops were seated couples who seemed intent on reliving their sexual adventures from the night before and – if the pawing and fawning were any indication – were going to resume again after breakfast. Jenny tried to tune them out. There was a table of her old-guy coffee drinkers, who were trading misinformation on politics and lawn care; at the counter a couple of construction workers intent on putting in a rare Saturday's work read the paper over bacon and eggs; and over in the corner, Val Riordan, the local shrink, was scribbling notes on a legal pad at a table all by herself. That was unusual. Dr. Val didn't normally make appearances in Pine Cove during the day. Stranger than that, Estelle Boyet, the seascape painter, was having her tea with a Black gentleman who looked as if he would jump out of his skin at the slightest touch. Jenny heard some commotion coming from the register and turned to see her busgirl arguing with Molly Michon, the Crazy Lady. Jenny made a beeline for the counter. â€Å"Molly, you're not supposed to be in here,† Jenny said calmly but firmly. Molly had been eighty-sixed for life after she had attacked H.P.'s espresso machine. â€Å"I just need to cash this check. I need to get some money to buy medicine for a sick friend.† The busgirl, a freshman at Pine Cove High, bolted into the kitchen, tossing â€Å"I told her† over her shoulder as she went. Jenny looked at the check. It was from the Social Security Administration and it was above the amount she was allowed to accept. â€Å"I'm sorry, Molly, I can't do it.† â€Å"I have photo ID.† Molly pulled a videotape out of her enormous handbag and plopped it on the counter. There was a picture of a half-naked woman tied between two stakes on the cover. The titles were in Italian. â€Å"That's not it, Molly. I'm not allowed to cash a check for that much. Look, I don't want any trouble, but if Howard sees you in here, he'll call the police.† â€Å"The police are here† came a man's voice. Jenny looked up to see Theophilus Crowe towering behind Molly. â€Å"Hi, Theo.† Jenny liked Theo. He reminded her of Robert before he had quit drinking – semitragic but good-natured. â€Å"Can I help here?† â€Å"I really need to get some money,† Molly said. â€Å"For medicine.† Jenny shot a look to the corner, where Val Riordan looked up from her notes with an expression of dread on her face. The psychiatrist obviously didn't want to be brought into this. Theo took the check gently from Molly and looked at it, then said to Jenny, â€Å"It's a government check, Jenny. I'm sure it's good. Just this once? Medicine.† He winked at Jenny from behind Molly's back. â€Å"Howard will kill me when he sees it. Every time he looks at the espresso machine, he mutters something about spawn of evil.† â€Å"I'll back you up. Tell him it was in the interest of public safety.† â€Å"Oh, okay. You're lucky we're busy today and I have the cash to spare.† Jenny handed Molly a pen. â€Å"Just endorse it.† Molly signed the check with a flourish and handed it over. Jenny counted out the bills on the counter. â€Å"Thanks,† Molly said. Then to Theo, â€Å"Thanks. Hey, you want a collector's edition of Warrior Babes?† She held the videotape out to him. â€Å"Uh, no thanks, Molly. I can't accept gratuities.† Jenny craned her neck to look at the cover of the tape. â€Å"It's in Italian, but you can figure it out,† Molly said. Theo shook his head and smiled. â€Å"Okay,† Molly said. â€Å"Gotta go.† She turned and walked out of the restaurant, leaving Theo staring at her back. â€Å"I guess she really was in movies,† Jenny said. â€Å"Did you see the picture on the cover?† â€Å"Nope,† Theo said. â€Å"Amazing. Did she look like that?† Theo shrugged. â€Å"Thanks for taking her check, Jenny. I'll find a seat. Just some coffee and an English muffin.† â€Å"Any luck finding the Plotznik kid?† Theo shook his head as he walked away. Gabe Skinner barked once to warn the Food Guy that he was about to collide with the crazy woman, but it came a little too late and, as usual, the dense but good-hearted Food Guy didn't get the message. Skinner had finally talked the Food Guy into stopping work and going to get something to eat. Catching rats and hiking around in the mud was fun, but eating was important. Gabe, covered with mud to the knees and burrs to the shoulder, was head down, digging in his backpack for his wallet as he approached H.P.'s Cafe. Coming out, Molly was counting her money, not looking at all where she was going. She heard Skinner bark just as they conked heads. â€Å"Ouch, excuse me,† Gabe said, rubbing his head. â€Å"I wasn't watching where I was going.† Skinner took the opportunity to sniff Molly's crotch. â€Å"Nice dog,† Molly said. â€Å"Did he produce B movies in his last life?† â€Å"Sorry.† Gabe grabbed Skinner by the collar and pulled him away. Molly folded her money and stuffed it into the waistband of her tights. â€Å"Hey, you're the biologist, huh?† â€Å"That's me.† â€Å"How many grams of protein in a sow bug?† â€Å"What?† â€Å"A sow bug. You know, roly-polies, pill bugs – gray, lotsa legs, designed to curl up and die?† â€Å"Yes, I know what a sow bug is.† â€Å"How many grams of protein in one?† â€Å"I have no idea.† â€Å"Could you find out?† â€Å"I suppose I could.† â€Å"Good,† Molly said. â€Å"I'll call you.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"Bye.† Molly ruffled Skinner's ears as she walked off. Gabe stood there for a second, distracted from his research for the first time in thirty-six hours. â€Å"What the hell?† Skinner wagged his tail to say, â€Å"Let's eat.† Dr. Val Val Riordan watched the lanky constable coming through the restaurant toward her. She wasn't ready to be official, that's why she'd taken herself out to breakfast in the first place – that and she didn't want to face her as-sistant Chloe and her newfound nymphomania. She was months, no, years behind on her professional journals, and she'd packed a briefcase full of them in hope of skimming a few over coffee before her appointments began. She tried to hide behind a copy of Pusher: The American Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacological Practice, but the constable just kept coming. â€Å"Dr. Riordan, do you have a minute?† â€Å"I suppose.† She gestured to the chair across from her. Theo sat down and dove right in. â€Å"Are you sure that Bess Leander never said anything about problems with her marriage? Fights? Joseph coming home late? Anything?† â€Å"I told you before. I can't talk about it.† Theo took a dollar out of his pocket and slid it across the table. â€Å"Take this.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"I want you to be my therapist. I want the same patient confidentiality that you're giving Bess Leander. Even though that privilege isn't supposed to extend beyond the grave. I'm hiring you as my therapist.† â€Å"For a dollar? I'm not a lawyer, Constable Crowe. I don't have to accept you as a patient. And payment has nothing to do with it.† Val was willing him to go away. She had tried to bend people to her will since she was a child. She'd spoken to her therapist about it during her residency. Go away. â€Å"Fine, take me as a patient. Please.† â€Å"I'm not taking any new patients.† â€Å"One session, thirty seconds long. I'm your patient. I promise you'll want to hear what I have to say in session.† â€Å"Theo, have you ever addressed, well, your substance abuse problem?† It was a snotty and unprofessional thing to say, but Crowe wasn't exactly being professional either. â€Å"Does that mean I'm your patient?† â€Å"Sure, okay, thirty seconds.† â€Å"Last night I saw Joseph Leander engaging in sexual relations with a young woman in the park.† Theo folded his hands and sat back. â€Å"Your thoughts?† Jenny couldn't believe she'd heard it right. She hadn't meant to, she was just delivering an English muffin when the gossip bomb hit her unprepared. Bess Leander, not even cold in the grave, and her straitlaced Presbyterian husband was doing it with some bimbo in the park? She paused as if checking her tables, waited for a second, then slid the muffin in front of Theo. â€Å"Can I bring you anything else?† â€Å"Not right now,† Theo said. Jenny looked at Val Riordan and decided that whatever she needed right now was not on the menu. Val was sitting there wide-eyed, as if someone had slapped her with a dead mackerel. Jenny backed away from the table. She couldn't wait for Betsy to come in to relieve her for the lunch shift. Betsy always waited on Joseph Leander when he came in the cafe and made comments about him being the only guy with two children who had never been laid. She'd be blown away. Betsy, of course, already knew. Gabe Gabe tied Skinner up outside and entered the cafe to find all the tables oc-cupied. He spotted Theophilus Crowe sitting at a four-top with a woman that he didn't know. Gabe debated inviting himself to their table, then de-cided it would be better to approach Theo under the pretense of a rat news update and hope for an invitation. Gabe pulled his laptop out of his shoulder bag as he approached the table. â€Å"Theo, you won't believe what I found out last night.† Theo looked up. â€Å"Hi, Gabe. Do you know Val Riordan? She's our local psychiatrist.† Gabe offered his hand to the woman and she took it without looking away from his muddy boots. â€Å"Sorry,† Gabe said. â€Å"I've been in the field all day. Nice to meet you.† â€Å"Gabe's a biologist. He has a lab up at the weather station.† Gabe was feeling uncomfortable now. The woman hadn't said a word. She was attractive in a made-up sort of way, but she seemed a little out of things, stunned perhaps. â€Å"I'm sorry to interrupt. We can talk later, Theo.† â€Å"No, sit down. You don't mind, do you, Val? We can finish our session later. I think I still have twenty seconds on the books.† â€Å"That's fine,† Val said, seeming to come out of her haze. â€Å"Maybe you'll be interested in this,† Gabe said. He slipped into an empty chair and pushed his laptop in front of Val. â€Å"Look at this.† Like many sci-entists, Gabe was oblivious to the fact that no one gave a rat's ass about research unless it could be expressed in terms of dollars. â€Å"Green dots?† Val said. â€Å"No, those are rats.† â€Å"Funny, they look like green dots.† â€Å"This is a topographical map of Pine Cove. These are my tagged rats. See the divergence? These ten that didn't move the other night when the others did?† Val looked to Theo for an explanation. â€Å"Gabe tracks rats with microchips in them,† Theo said. â€Å"It's only one of the things I do. Mostly, I count dead things on the beach.† â€Å"Fascinating work,† Val said with no attempt to hide her contempt. â€Å"Yeah, it's great,† Gabe said. Then to Theo, â€Å"Anyway, these ten rats didn't move with the others.† â€Å"Right, you told me this. You thought they might be dead.† â€Å"They weren't, at least the six of them that I found weren't. It wasn't death that stopped them, it was sex.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I live-trapped twenty of the group of rats that moved, but when I went to find the group that hadn't, I didn't have to trap them. There were three pairs, all engaged in coitus.† â€Å"So what made the others move?† â€Å"I don't know.† â€Å"But the other ones were, uh, mating?† â€Å"I watched one pair for an hour. They did it a hundred and seventeen times.† â€Å"In an hour? Rats can do that?† â€Å"They can, but they don't.† â€Å"But you said they did.† â€Å"It's an anomaly. But all three pairs were doing it. One of the females had died and the male was still going at her when I found them.† Theo's face was becoming strained with the effort of trying to figure out what in the hell Gabe was trying to tell him, and why he was telling him in the first place. â€Å"What does that mean?† â€Å"I have no idea,† Gabe said. â€Å"I don't know why there was a mass evacuation of the large group, and I don't know why the smaller group stayed in one place copulating.† â€Å"Well, thanks for sharing.† â€Å"Food and sex,† Gabe said. â€Å"Maybe you should eat something, Gabe.† Theo signaled for the waitress. â€Å"What do you mean, food and sex?† Val asked. â€Å"All behavior is related to obtaining food and sex,† Gabe said. â€Å"How Freudian.† â€Å"No, Darwinian, actually.† Val leaned forward and Gabe caught a whiff of her perfume. She actually seemed interested now. â€Å"How can you say that? Behavior is much more complex than that.† â€Å"You think so?† â€Å"I know so. And whatever this is, this radio rat study of yours proves it.† She swiveled the screen of the laptop so they all could see it. â€Å"You have six rats that were engaged in sex, but if I have this straight, you have, well, a lot of rats that just took off for no reason at all. Right?† â€Å"There was a reason, I just don't know it yet.† â€Å"But it wasn't food and it obviously wasn't sex.† â€Å"I don't know yet. I suppose they could have been exposed to television violence.† Theo was sitting back and watching now, enjoying two people with three decades of education between them puffing up like schoolyard bullies. â€Å"I'm a psychiatrist, not a psychologist. Our discipline has moved more toward physiological causes for behavior over the last thirty years, or hadn't you heard?† Val Riordan was actually grinning now. â€Å"I'm aware of that. I'm having the brain chemistry worked up on animals from both groups to see if there's a neurochemical explanation.† â€Å"How do you do that again?† Theo asked. â€Å"You grind up their brains and analyze the chemicals,† Gabe said. â€Å"That's got to hurt,† Theo said. Val Riordan laughed. â€Å"I only wish I could diagnose my patients that way. Some of them anyway.† Val Val Riordan couldn't remember the last time she'd enjoyed herself, but she suspected it was when she'd attended the Neiman-Marcus sale in San Francisco two years ago. Food and sex indeed. This guy was so naive. But still, she hadn't seen anyone so passionate about pure research since med school, and it was nice to think about psychiatry in terms other than finan-cial. She found herself wondering how Gabe Fenton would look in a suit, after a shower and a shave, after he'd been boiled to kill the parasites. Not bad, she thought. Gabe said, â€Å"I can't seem to identify any outside stimulus for this behavior, but I have to eliminate the possibility that it's something chemical or envir-onmental. If it's affecting the rats, it might be affecting other species too. I've seen some evidence of that.† Val thought about the wave of horniness that seemed to have washed over all of her patients in the last two days. â€Å"Could it be in the water, do you think? Something that might affect us?† â€Å"Could be. If it's chemical, it would take longer to affect a mammal as large as a human. You two haven't seen anything unusual in the last few days, have you?† Theo nearly spit his coffee out. â€Å"This town's a bug-house.† â€Å"I'm not allowed to talk about my patients specifically,† Val said. She was shaken. Of course there was some weird behavior. She'd caused it, hadn't she, by taking fifteen hundred people off of their medication at once? She had to get out of here. â€Å"But in general, Theo is right.† â€Å"I am?† Theo said. â€Å"He is?† Gabe said. Jenny had returned to the table to fill their coffees. â€Å"Sorry I overheard, but I'd have to agree with Theo too.† They all looked at her, then at each other. Val checked her watch. â€Å"I've got to get to an appointment. Gabe, I'd like to hear the results of the brain chemistry test.† â€Å"You would?† â€Å"Yes.† Val put some money on the table and Theo picked it up and handed it back to her, along with the dollar he'd put there earlier for her fee. â€Å"I need to talk to you about that other matter, Val.† â€Å"Call me. I don't know if I can help though. Bye.† Val left the cafe actually looking forward to seeing her patients, if for no other reason than to imagine grinding up each of their brains. Anything to address the responsibility of driving an entire town crazy. But perhaps by driving them a little crazy, she could save some of them from self-destruction: not a bad reason for going to work. Gabe â€Å"I've got to go too,† Theo said, standing up. â€Å"Gabe, should I have the county test the water or something? I have to go into San Junipero to the county building today anyway.† â€Å"Not yet. I can do a general toxins and heavy metals test. I do them all the time for the frog population studies.† â€Å"You wanna walk out with me?† â€Å"I have to order something to go for Skinner.† â€Å"Didn't you say that you had ten rats that diverged from the pack?† â€Å"Yes, but I could only find six.† â€Å"What happened to the other four?† â€Å"I don't know. They just disappeared. Funny, these chips are nearly indestructible too. Even if the animals are dead, I should be able to pick them up with the satellites.† â€Å"Out of range maybe?† â€Å"Not a chance, the coverage is over two hundred miles. More if I look for them.† â€Å"Then where did they go?† â€Å"They last showed up down by the creek. Near the Fly Rod Trailer Court.† â€Å"You're kidding. That's where the Plotznik kid was last seen.† â€Å"You want to see the map?† â€Å"No, I believe you. I've got to go.† Theo turned to leave. Gabe caught him by the shoulder. â€Å"Theo, is, uh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"What?† â€Å"Is Val Riordan single?† â€Å"Divorced.† â€Å"Do you think she likes me?† Theo shook his head. â€Å"Gabe, I understand. I spend too much time alone too.† â€Å"What? I was just asking.† â€Å"I'll see you.† â€Å"Hey, Theo, you look, uh, well, more alert today.† â€Å"Not stoned, you mean?† â€Å"Sorry, I didn't mean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It's okay, Gabe. Thanks, I think.† â€Å"Hang tough.† Jenny As Jenny passed Estelle Boyet's table, she heard the old Black gentleman say, â€Å"We don't need to tell nobody nothin'. Been fifty years since I seen that thing. It probably done gone back to the sea.† â€Å"Still,† Estelle said, â€Å"there's a little boy missing. What if the two are connected?† â€Å"Ain't nobody ever called you a crazy nigger, did they?† â€Å"Not that I can remember.† â€Å"Well, they have me. For some twenty years after I talked about that thing the last time. I ain't sayin' nothin' to no one. It's our secret, girl.† â€Å"I like it when you call me girl,† Estelle said. Jenny went off to the kitchen, trying to put the morning together in her mind, pieces of conversations as surreal as a Dali jigsaw puzzle. There was definitely something going on in Pine Cove.

Measuring actual performance Essay Example

Measuring actual performance Essay Example Measuring actual performance Essay Measuring actual performance Essay As can be seen from the above diagram, the control process is a three-step process that includes measuring actual performances, comparing actual performances against a standard and taking managerial action to correct deviations or inadequate standards (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, 2006).  Measuring is the first step in the control process and in order to measure the actual performance, Ceylinco Consolidated managers need to acquire information. This can be achieve via personal observations (first hand knowledge and intensive coverage of work activities), statistical reports (effective for showing relationships), oral reports (faster way to get information and allows verbal and non-verbal feedback) and written reports (comprehensive, form and easy to file and retrieve). The second step in the process is comparing and it determines the degree of variation between actual performances and the standard. Any deviation from the acceptance range of variance becomes significant and demands managerial action to remedy it.  The final step in the control process is taking action. This means that the managers can choose to take no action, correct the actual performance or revise the standards. When correcting actual performances, managers can choose either immediate corrective action or basic corrective action. Immediate corrective action corrects problems at once to get performances back on track (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, 2006) and basic corrective action looks at how and why performances have deviated and then proceeds to correct the source of the deviations (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, 2006). Application to the Ceylinco Consolidated Group  This control process is vital for Ceylinco Consolidated as it helps mangers to monitor performances and take corrective action while work is in progress. This is also known as concurrent control and it prevents problems and unethical issues and practices from exacerbating.  Managers will need to decide on efficient ways to measure whether their goals are being met. For example, they can conduct market research, customer, investor and employee satisfaction surveys, ethics audits, periodic ethical reviews of key personnel which ensure that integrity and commitment to the conglomerates ethical philosophy, in order that organisational members pursue ethical practices (Wood Rentschler, 2003). Then they must determine the range of variation that is acceptable to Ceylinco Consolidated and if there are any significant deviations, decide on what course of action to follow (if the managers find that the market research and surveys show no improvement in the perceptions of their stakeholders, they could either take basic or immediate corrective action to rectify the situation). Summary  In summary, Ceylinco Consolidated needs a more effective group approach to decision procedures in the boardroom and an enhanced collective involvement by internal stakeholders (employees) in the organizational decision-making process (Holloway Van Rhyn, 2005). The management functions of planning and controlling play a decisive role in restoring the conglomerates credibility and trust in the eyes of its stakeholders through the implementation of a strong code of ethics, new and effective control procedures. The management function of planning will assist managers is establishing the code of ethics and implementing goals and values to achieve them. Controlling using ethics audits, market surveys and periodical ethical reviews of key employees, screening of potential employees and replacing the current top management with carefully selected persons proven to follow a strong code of ethics will go a long way to improving the companys public image.Replace current management with leaders who have proven their ethical leadership. Replace the current board of directors with a new independent board (one that has no professional or personal ties with the company and its subsidiaries, either current or former) that focuses on monitoring the CEO, Chairman, overseeing the conglomerates strategy and monitors the companys control system, thus preventing further frauds from occurring.  Promote pre-hiring screening tests to ensure ethical practices.  Ã‚  Implementation of legislation like the Sarbannes-Oxley Act in July 2002 aimed at curtailing (misbehaving) senior managers of corporate entities (Holloway Van Rhyn, 2005). References Core Business . (n.d.). Retrieved May 15, 2009, from Ceylinco Consolidated: ceylincoconsolidated.com/core_business.html Eye, E. (2009, March 8 Volume 15, No. 35). Swindlers List. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from The Sunday Leader Online Edition: thesundayleader.lk/20090308/exposive.HTM Harrison, E. F. (1996, Volume 34 Issue 1). A Process Perspective On Strategic Decision Making. Management Decision , p. 46. Holloway, D. A., Van Rhyn, D. (2005, Volume 11). Effective Corporate Governance Reform and Organisational Pluralism: Reframing Culture, Leadership and Followership. Advances in Public Interest Accounting .

How to Write Love in Japanese Kanji

How to Write Love in Japanese Kanji Writing love in Japanese is represented as the kanji symbol æ„› which  means love and affection. The On-reading is ai (this is the Chinese pronunciation based on when the character was brought to Japan)The Kun-reading is ito (shii), this is the native Japanese pronunciationIt takes 13 strokes to create the kanji for love.The radical is kokoro. A radical expresses the general nature of the kanji character. Useful compounds of ai  Ã¦â€žâ€º are: Kanji Compound Reading Meaning aijou love, affection aikokushin patriotism aijin lover (implies extramarital relationship) renai romance, romantic love aishiteru I love you Koi æ â€¹Ã‚  vs. Ai 愛  Kanji The kanji koi  Ã¦ â€¹ is love for the opposite sex, a longing for a specific person, while ai  Ã¦â€žâ€º is a general feeling of love.  Note that the compound renai  Ã¦ â€¹Ã¦â€žâ€º for romantic love is written with both koi  Ã¦ â€¹ and ai  Ã¦â€žâ€º. Ai can be used as a proper name, such as in the name of Princess Aiko or the singer Aiko. The name combines the kanji characters for love and child  Ã¦â€žâ€º Ã¥ ­ . The kanji koi  Ã¦ â€¹ is rarely used as a name. Kanji Tattoos for Love Some people are interested in getting a tattoo of a kanji symbol. You may want to consider at length whether ai or koi is the one that you want to have tattooed. A full discussion of the uses of koi and ai may help you decide which is most appropriate. Some people may decide based on which kanji they find the most attractive rather than the meaning. Kanji can be written in a variety of fonts. If you are working with a tattoo artist, you may want to explore all of the variations in order to get the one that will be exactly what you prefer. Saying I Love You in Japanese While modern American English makes frequent use of I love you, the phrase is not used as often in Japan. They are more likely to use suki desu, Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£  Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã‚  meaning to like, rather than speaking openly of love.   What is Kanji? Kanji is one of the three writing systems for the Japanese language. It includes thousands of symbols which came to Japan from China. The symbols represent ideas rather than pronunciation. The other two Japanese alphabets, hiragana, and katakana, express Japanese syllables phonetically. There are 2136 symbols designated as Joyo Kanji by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Children in Japan are taught first the 46 characters that comprise each of the hiragana and katakana alphabets. Then they learn 1006 kanji characters in grades one through six. On-Reading and Kun-Reading On-reading is usually used when the kanji is part of a compound, as in the compounds shown above. When the kanji is by itself used as a noun, the Kun-reading is usually used. The Japanese also use the English word for love, pronouncing it as rabu  Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ'â€" because there is no L or V sounds in Japanese.

Comparison of Wesley and Whitfield on grace and predestination Essay

Comparison of Wesley and Whitfield on grace and predestination - Essay Example Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 V. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 I. Introduction Three prominent religious members lay behind the evangelical movement that arose in English Christianity within the 1730s when Charles, John, and Wesley came together as Methodists. George Whitefield was a Calvinist while John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley can be considered as Arminians. The reasons for Whitefield’s dedicated attitude can partly be linked to his close friendships with American evangelicals, which led into deeper comprehension of Puritan theology and its significance to evangelism and revivals. The pa per explores the views of Wesley and Whitefield on the theology of grace and predestination. II. Background Prior to his departure, Whitefield’s sermon dwelling on â€Å"On the Nature and Necessity of Our Regeneration or New Birth in Christ Jesus† based on 2 Corinthians 5: 17 â€Å"if any man be in Christ he is a new creature.† In his sermon of 1737, â€Å"the doctrine of our generation, new birth in Christ Jesus† can be regarded as one of the most fundamental. ... agreed wholly with the Wesley that â€Å"nothing but a guarantee that people are born again that all are members of Christ united to Him by one and to the Holy Spirit that He was actuated† can fulfill the heart of man.2 The three also concurred on the nature and degree of the sanctification started through the work of the Holy Spirit within regeneration. When George Whitefield left England in 1739, he was appreciated as a leader of the evangelical awakening. Whitefield handed over his followers to John Wesley’s; nevertheless, when he returned in 1741, Whitefield found that a majority of his spiritual children were hostile to the extent that they sent threatening messages to him that God will speedily destroy him. This emanated from by the fact that, on Whitefield’s departure, Wesley had published a sermon titled â€Å"Free Grace,† which professed to be founded upon, Roman 8:32. John Wesley’s sermon, published in August 1739 and attempted to demonstr ate how God’s Grace is â€Å"free in all and free for all.† Wesley’s message was a robust critique of the doctrine of predestination and election. Wesley believed such a doctrine was a precarious one and that it blasphemed the very person and nature of God. Election represents God’s choosing whom to save and it is unconditional, given that there is no condition man must satisfy before God chooses to save him. Calvinists concur that humankind must meet the condition of faith in Christ so as to inherit eternal life; however, faith is not a condition for election, but rather election is a condition of faith. Whitefield and Wesley could not find a common ground, which split the movement between the adherents of Wesley and those of Whitefield.3 The division arose from the fact that Whitefield and Wesley did not share the